National Geographic is officially recognizing the body of water surrounding the Antarctic as the Earth's fifth ocean: the Southern OceanThe change marks the first time in over a century that the organization has redrawn the world's oceanic maps, which have historically only included four: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic Oceans.
“The Southern Ocean(South Ocean) has long been recognized by scientists, but because there was never agreement internationally, we never officially recognized it,” National Geographic Society geographer Alex Tait told the magazine.
“It’s sort of geographic nerdiness in some ways,” Tait said. “We’ve always labeled it, but we labeled it slightly differently [than other oceans]. This change was taking the last step and saying we want to recognize it because of its ecological separation.”
The Southern Ocean stretches from Antarctica's coastline to 60 degrees south latitude, excluding the Drake Passage and the Scotia Sea, according to National Geographic. The newest body of water makes it the second-smallest, after the Arctic.
The waters encircling the southern continent have distinct ecological characteristics, including its unique current patterns better known as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, or ACC, according to the magazine.
The ACC makes the waters around Antarctica colder and slightly less salty than those in the north, which helps transport heat around the world and store carbon in the deep ocean — all of which have a crucial impact on the planet, National Geographic reported.
The change broke from guidance outlined by the International Hydrographic Organization, which standardizes sea mapping and official names.
The organization has yet to agree to a proposal that was submitted in 2000 to add the Southern Ocean to the world map, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. However, most countries, including the U.S., recognize the body of water as distinct. Tait told National Geographic that he hopes the organization's new policy will have a huge impact on education.
“Students learn information about the ocean world through what oceans you’re studying," he said. "If you don’t include the Southern Ocean then you don’t learn the specifics of it and how important it is.”
What is the 5th ocean called?
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, has the lowest waters of the Earth's oceans, generally considered to be south of 60 ° S and around Antarctica. Therefore, it is considered to be the smallest of the five oceans: smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean but larger than the Arctic Ocean. For the past 30 years, the South Sea has been experiencing rapid climate change, which has led to the evolution of marine life.
During his voyage in the 1770s, James Cook proved that water was circulating in the southern hemisphere. From there, geologists disagree on the northern boundary of the Southern Ocean or even its existence, viewing water as the various parts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, rather. However, according to Commodore John Leech of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), recent maritime studies have found the significance of Southern Circulation, with the term the Southern Ocean used to describe the southern watershed and the northern boundary of that distribution. This has remained the current official policy of the IHO since its definitions were revised in 2000 including the South Seas as the waters of the southern 60th parallel have not been adopted. Some view the ever-changing Antarctic season as a natural boundary. This coastal region is where cold, northern waters flow from Antarctic mixes and warm Antarctic waters.
The depth of the South Sea, using the definition of being south of the 60th parallel, was tested by the Five Deeps Expedition in early February 2019. The multibeam sonar expedition team identified a depth of 60 ° 28 '46 "S, 025 ° 32 '32 "W, at a depth of 7,434 meters (24,390 ft). Travel guide and major drowning pilot Victor Vescovo, has proposed naming the deepest point in the South Ocean as the "Factorian Deep", based on the name of the manned submersible DSV Limiting Factor, where he successfully landed for the first time on February 3, 2019.
The boundaries and names of the oceans and seas were agreed upon worldwide when the International Hydrographic Bureau, which preceded the IHO, convened the First World Conference on July 24, 1919. The IHO published this in its Oceans and Seas Limits, the first edition being 1928. From the first edition, the boundaries of the Southern Ocean continue southward; since 1953, it has been released from official publication and left to local hydrographic offices to determine their limits.
The IHO includes the sea and its definition as the waters of the southern 60th south in its 2000s review, but this has not been officially adopted, due to the ongoing controversy over other content, such as the naming of the Japanese Sea. The 2000 IHO definition, however, was distributed through the 2002 program and used by individuals within the IHO and other organizations such as the CIA World Factbook and Merriam-Webster.
The Australian Government views the South Sea as lying in southern Australia (see § Australian perspective).
The National Geographic Society officially approved the sea in June 2021. Prior to this, it exhibited a unique typographic location; instead, it shows the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean extending to Antarctica in its printed maps and online. Map publishers who use the name the Southern Ocean on their maps include Hema Maps and Genova.
Are There Really Five Oceans?
After a while, people living in geographical circles, it is discussed whether there were four or five of the world's oceans on the Earth.
Some people consider that the arctic ocean; the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific ocean, and the four oceans of the world. Now, the people who stand on the side of the number to five, the addition of a fifth of a new ocean, the Southern Ocean or the Antarctic Ocean, due to the International Hydrographic Organization (ITE) hearing aids.
The higher education institutions Make a decision
Higher education institutions, the International Hydrographic Organization, to try to resolve the debate, with the 2000 publication, announced that it was named and described by the Southern Ocean.
In 2000, the higher education institutions, published in the third edition of Limits of Oceans and Seas " (S-23) is a worldwide body of the names and their location on the seas and oceans. The third edition of the festival in 2000, pointed out that the existence of the Southern Ocean as well as the fifth of the world ocean.
The higher education institutions and has 68 members. The membership has been limited to countries that do not have access to the sea. Twenty-eight countries have reacted to the HEI's request for advice on what to do in the South Pacific Ocean. All responding members except Argentina agreed to the fact that the ocean around Antarctica has to be made, and a few of the names.
Eighteen of the 28 countries surveyed prefer to call it "ocean" for the Southern Ocean, rather than the alternative name of the Southern Ocean, and, therefore, the first title is selected.
Where is the Fifth Ocean?
The southern ocean is the ocean around the Antarctic, for all the degrees of latitude, and the north-western boundary of 60 ° south latitude (that is, a reduction of the United Nations, the Antarctic Contract).
Half of the countries surveyed, support and 60 degrees south latitude, while only seven of them prefer 50 degrees south latitude when the north-western boundary of the ocean. Even with a 50 percent support for the 60-degree, and the higher education institutions have decided that, like 60 degrees to the south, not to pass through the land, and 50 degrees to the South by the USA, Korea, and 60 degrees south of the northern boundary of the newly-defined ocean.
Why do we need a New South pacific Ocean?
In the past few years, a large number of oceanographic studies have been devoted to the ocean.
The new ocean, covers an area of about 20.3 million-square-mile (7.8 million square miles), and is about twice the size of the United States of America, and is the fourth-largest in the world (after the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean). It is the lowest point in the Southern Ocean, which is 7,235 meters (23,737 feet) below sea level, is part of the South Sandwich Trench.
The temperature of the water in the South Atlantic Ocean ranges from minus two degrees Celsius to 10 degrees Celsius to 28 degrees Celsius to + 50 degrees Celsius). It is the home of the world's largest and most Instagram stream, and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The movements of the east and travels to 100 times more water than all the rivers in the world.
In spite of the definition of a new ocean, and it is likely that the debate about the number and the oceans will continue to be. In fact, there is only one "world ocean", because all of the five (or four) oceans on our planet are connected to each other.
Is there a new ocean?
The answer to this question is simply Yes, The new ocean name is
southern ocean.
This was stated by National Geographic, which on Tuesday 15/2021 announced that it was officially adopting a volume of water around the Antarctic as the Southern Ocean, making it the fifth seaport along the Arctic, Atlantic, India, and Pacific.
"The Southern Ocean has long been known to scientists, but because there has never been an international agreement, we have never officially identified it," National Geographic Society Geographer Alex Tait told the magazine.
The new ocean rises from the ring from the Antarctic coast to 60 degrees south, according to National Geographic, and differs from other oceans in its current designation, not continental. The area is twice the size of the U.S., according to the Central Intelligence Agency website.
The public is accustomed to following the names of the International Hydrographic Organization, and although the IHO recognized the South Ocean in its 1937 guidelines, it abolished the name in 1953 and has yet to return it.
However the U.S. The Board on Geographic Names has been using the name Southern Ocean since 1999, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration recognized it in February.
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Why the change now? It is due to conservation efforts around the South Ocean.
The Southern Ocean "encompasses unique and fragile marine life that is home to amazing marine life such as whales, penguins, and seals," said National Geographic Explorer at Residence Enric Sala.
Thousands of species are living in the South Sea and nowhere else, and the effects of fishing in the region have been felt for decades, reports the magazine.
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